Publications
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![Political implications of the long-term effect of surplus from the first and second Kyoto period](https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/publications/_c400x565/hot_topic_aau_surplus_2012.pdf-7795.jpg?v=1706744360)
Reports
There is a vast surplus of units in Kyoto's cap-and-trade system. . If no solution for the carry-over of this surplus from commitment period to commitment period is found, countries that have put forward a target for the second commitment period may be under no pressure to deviate from business-as-usual emissions until 2026.
![Governments still set on 3°C warming track, some progress, but many playing with numbers](https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/publications/_c400x565/cat_update_september_2012.pdf-7436.jpg?v=1706744360)
Briefings
The Climate Action Tracker has updated analysis on national greenhouse gas emission reduction proposals for 2020 under the international climate negotiations.
![Closing the 2020 emissions gap: issues, options and strategies](https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_c400x565/justin-wilkens-p6oLLI_9sV0-unsplash.jpg?v=1706698124)
Reports
This report explores a range of issues, options and strategies for urgently bridging the 2020 emissions gap.
![Copenhagen Accord Pledges imply higher costs for staying below 2°C warming](https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_c400x565/alexandra-mitache-bxi6Qk1G9rE-unsplash.jpg?v=1706739244)
Peer-reviewed Papers
This study compares emission pathways aimed at limiting temperature increase to 2°C under varying constraints. The 2020 emission level represents a trade-off between short-term emission reductions and long-term dependence on rapid reductions through specific technologies (like negative emission reductions). Higher 2020 emissions lead to higher overall costs.
![National GHG emissions reduction pledges and 2°C: comparison of studies](https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/_c400x565/marcin-jozwiak-YGPCYETKFw8-unsplash.jpg?v=1706727247)
Peer-reviewed Papers
This article provides further detail on expected global GHG emission levels in 2020, based on the 2010 Emissions Gap Report, assuming the emission reduction proposals in the Copenhagen Accord and Cancun Agreements are met.