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Nepal’s negotiator Manjeet Dhakal says that after many rounds of interventions and support from other highland nations, the term ‘mountains’ has been included in the new Global Stocktake text.

China is the world's biggest polluter, but also the world's biggest investor in clean energy. As the United States pulls back from global climate commitments, Bill Hare speaks on how China could fill the leadership gap.

While renewables are now cheaper than ever, political barriers and pressure from fossil fuel companies hinder global climate efforts, Bill Hare tells Anadolu.

If nations met the goals set at past climate talks of tripling renewables, doubling energy efficiency and cutting methane by 2030, the rate of global warming could be cut by a third within a decade and a half by 2040, according to a new report by Climate Analytics.

“This progress is proof that multilateralism is working, it is delivering,” Manjeet Dhakal of the Climate Analytics South Asia told us from Belém. “Having said that, it is simply not enough. Emissions need to go down much further, and a lot of it is tied to developed countries providing climate finance to do so.”

Bill Hare, said: “If [governments] achieve this by 2035, it would be a gamechanger, quickly slowing the rate of warming in the next decade and lowering global warming this century from 2.6C to about 1.7C.”

Sarah Heck says an additional 2 degrees Celsius of heat in the atmosphere would lead to ice-free summers in the Arctic at least once a decade, as opposed to once a century in a 1.5-degree scenario.

Sarah Heck, climate policy analyst at Climate Analytics, discusses COP and climate inaction live on CNBC.

“We know that the world’s richest countries are continuing to invest in oil and gas development,” said Bill Hare, a climate scientist who founded Climate Analytics, a policy group. “This simply should not be happening.”

The erosion of leadership at the global stage - likely to be an influencing factor at COP30 - means those countries themselves “must also now fill the gap for courage, leadership and ingenuity in order to have even a fighting chance of securing meaningful outcomes at COP30”, said Rueanna Haynes, head of diplomacy at Climate Analytics.

“It will not be an easy road,” she said.