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"Because of the variety of natural resources that countries have, if they pool resources by connecting cross-border energy systems, all of those systems become much more efficient," Prof. Dr. Michiel Schaeffer told CNBC Indonesia.

Bill Hare, CEO of think tank Climate Analytics, said Thursday it was "inevitable" that the world would breach the 1.5°C limit in around five years "unless emissions are reduced quickly".

Analysis by climate science policy institute Climate Analytics released this month estimated about 87 per cent of emissions linked to the North West Shelf between 2024 and 2050 were scope three.

The recent case against utility RWE shows the ‘polluter pays’ principle could become a reality.

The last round of nationally determined contributions (NDCs), submitted in 2021 by the world’s nations, put Earth on course to warm by between 2.6°C and 2.8°C by century’s end, according to the Climate Action Tracker.

Our latest Climate Action Tracker Australia profile shows the government’s efforts to cut emissions are still rated “insufficient” – the 43% emission reduction target would need to be at least 59% to align with the Paris agreement.

Scores of wildfires – made more intense by global warming – are burning Canadian forests, which in turn speeds up global warming. This climatic feedback loop has scientists worried. “It’s very clear the terrestrial carbon sink is weakening,” Bill Hare told the Straits Times.

Last week, Gabon officially launched its revised Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) 3.0. The process was supported by the NDC Partnership, with technical support from Climate Analytics Africa, and coordination from the National Climate Council.

Ahead of this year's hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia has doubled their efforts to mitigate heat-related risks following last year's lethal heatwave that left 1,301 pilgrims dead when temperatures soared to 51.8°C. "They were caught by surprise because the intensity of the heat was so high that their adaptation measures failed," Fahad Saeed told AFP.