Publications

Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement are based on pre-2014 information that can be regarded as outdated today. The only reasonable reaction to this rapidly changing landscape should be to update the NDCs for 2025 and 2030.

This article presents projections of future changes in aridity on small islands and evaluates overall changes in freshwater stress in small island developing states at warming levels of 1.5 and 2°C above pre-industrial level.

Indicators used to define limits of warming and those used to track the evolution of the Earth System under climate change are not directly comparable.

To support implementation of the Paris Agreement, the new HAPPI ensemble of 20 bias-corrected simulations of four climate models was used to drive two global hydrological models in worlds approximately 1.5 °C and 2 °C warmer than pre-industrial.