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New peer reviewed research shows that if solar radiation management - where higher amounts of sunlight are reflected back to space through artificially altering either the Earth’s surface or the atmosphere – is deployed to limit warming to 1.5°C without emissions cuts beyond those currently envisioned by governments, it would have to be maintained for at least a hundred years.  
The projected emissions from Australia’s existing and committed coal and LNG production would exceed the total emission limits of the government’s proposed Safeguard Mechanism (SGM), according to our new analysis released today.  
The impact of the Australian government allowing fossil fuel companies access to unlimited offsets – especially from the land sector – would give a green light to new coal and gas production, lead to a continued rise in emissions and threaten Australia’s ability to meet its climate targets, according to new analysis released today.  
Sub-Saharan Africa is at a crossroads. Its choice of energy for the future will be decisive in achieving its sustainable development ambitions, including clean and affordable electricity access for all. This report provides an overview of the state of the energy transition in the region.  
The goldrush for gas is counterproductive to the Paris Agreement. The energy crisis caused by Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine has sent governments scrambling to shore up energy security. In many cases, governments are doubling down on fossil fuels, even though renewables, efficiency and electrification are by far the cheapest, fastest and most secure options.  
Gas has no place in a 1.5˚C world, and its use should already have peaked, but instead the expansion of the industry continues to rise, according to a new report by Climate Analytics.  
The second ZERO IN report, released annually by the EU Horizon 2020 project CONSTRAIN, focuses on the new CMIP6 climate models and the science behind the Paris Agreement Long-Term Temperature Goal, highlighting how improved understanding in both areas can help us to better plan for what lies ahead. In particular, it finds that while the effect of COVID-19 on climate has so far been negligible, a green recovery could profoundly alter the trajectory of climate change over the next two decades. The project's findings also reaffirm the importance of stringent near-term emission reductions and reaching net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050 to get the world on a 1.5°C pathway. The report also provides an update on the remaining global carbon budget.  
The European Union Council is meeting 10-11 December to revise its 2030 domestic emissions reduction target. The Council has an unprecedented opportunity to cement the EU's global leadership on climate change by adopting a target that is fully consistent with the Paris Agreement 1.5°C limit. Our new briefing shows the domestic emission reductions needed by 2030 for the EU27 and three of its key member states – France, Germany and Poland - to be in line with that limit.  
If all national governments meet their 2050 net zero emissions targets, warming could be as low as 2.1˚C by 2100, putting the Paris Agreement’s 1.5˚C limit within striking distance, according to new calculations by the Climate Action Tracker.  
As the world’s leading economies are directing trillions of dollars towards COVID-19 recovery packages, a significant proportion is going to fossil fuel industries without climate conditions, risking clean energy opportunities in the coming decade. This is one of the key findings of the 2020 Climate Transparency Report, an annual collaboration between 14 think tanks and NGOs, including Climate Analytics, across G20 countries.  
Australia is chalking up all the wrong kind of records when its climate policies and performance are compared with other G20 nations, says a new report. Australia has one of the G20’s highest shares of fossil fuels in its energy mix, its emissions per capita are three times the G20 average, it ranks highly in terms of vulnerability to climate risk, and faces heavy losses from those climate impacts.  
Governments are largely not making climate change action central to their COVID-19 recovery packages, despite some signs of good intentions, according to a new analysis released today by the Climate Action Tracker (CAT). The CAT has analysed the post-pandemic recovery packages of a selection of five big emitting countries: the China, the European Union, India, South Korea and the USA, finding that only two of them lean towards using the pandemic recovery to address the global climate crisis.  
A post-lockdown economic recovery plan that incorporates and emphasises climate-friendly choices could help significantly in the battle against global warming, according to a new study. This is despite the sudden reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants during lockdown having a negligible impact on holding down global temperature change.  
South Korea must double its greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets to fulfil its obligation under the Paris climate agreement, our new report shows. Significantly strengthening its 2030 climate target would also help ensure South Korea can achieve its recently announced goal of reaching net-zero emissions by 2050, which would be very difficult under current emission trajectory.  
Every year about 15 000 scientists descend on Vienna for the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union. This year due to coronavirus restrictions it will be the biggest virtual gathering of geoscientists from around the world. Ten of our experts will showcase their work on topics such as weather extremes, climate adaptation, and interrelations between land management and climate, as well as energy systems modeling.  
Strategies to recover economically from the COVID-19 crisis need to set us on track towards meeting the Paris Agreement climate goals, attendees of the Placencia Ambition Forum heard during the event organised by the Alliance of Small Island Developing States.  
The risk for violent clashes increases after weather extremes such as droughts or floods hit people in vulnerable countries, an international team of scientists finds. Vulnerable countries are characterised by a large population, political exclusion of particular ethnic groups, and low development. The study combines global statistical analysis, observation data and regional case study assessments to yield new evidence for policy-makers.  
The likely emissions from the proposed Burrup Hub LNG project in Western Australia would significantly undermine the state’s and Australia’s ability to meet Paris Agreement targets and shift the burden of deeper reductions onto other sectors to compensate, our latest report shows.  
Rather than reduce its emissions today Australia is claiming it can rely on ‘credits’ generated decades ago under old accounting rules in a separate treaty that have no place in the Paris regime, according to a Climate Analytics report released today. The report commissioned by the Australia Institute, examines the nature, scale and legal implications of Australia’s proposed use of ‘Kyoto carryover’ credits to meet its obligations under the Paris Agreement.  
Germany will have to boost its national targets and implement appropriate measures, including in the transport sector, if it is to do its part to help keep global warming within 1.5°C, according to a new Climate Analytics study commissioned by the Agora Verkehrswende initiative. It will also have to support the EU in raising its climate ambition.  
Madrid - 10 December 2019 - In the face of the growing climate emergency, governments seem determined to continue embracing fossil fuels, and even meeting their Paris Agreement pledges would see warming of 2.8˚C by the end of this century, according to the Climate Action Tracker’s 2019 annual update, released at COP25 in Madrid on Tuesday 10 December.  
To keep warming within the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C limit, in 2020 governments need to increase their climate targets to result in emissions at least 50% lower in 2030 than the levels implied by their current set of Paris Agreement pledges. All governments must act for the best chance to keep global warming within the safer limit, but plummeting costs of renewables make this transformational change possible, according to a new Climate Analytics report released on the first day of the UN Climate Summit in Madrid.  
Unless governments significantly scale up their emission reduction efforts, the 15 years’ worth of emissions released under their current Paris Agreement pledges alone would cause 20 cm of sea-level rise over the longer term, according to new research published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS)  
This report provides key carbon budget benchmarks for the energy and industry sectors for Queensland, Australia, that are consistent with the state playing its role in national and global efforts to limit global mean warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The 1.5°C warming limit in the Paris Agreement is particularly important as it provides the best chance of survival for the Great Barrier Reef, a critical natural and economic asset for Queensland and World Heritage site.  
Governments need to ensure that global carbon emissions from coal-fired power stations peak next year, and that they eliminate coal from electricity generation by 2040 in order to keep climate change within the internationally agreed limits, according to a new report from Climate Analytics released for the UN Secretary-General's Climate Action Summit in New York.  
Europe, North America and parts of Asia can expect not just more intense but also longer lasting periods of heat, drought and rain during summer as the planet warms, worsening impacts on health and agriculture, according to a study led by researchers from Climate Analytics and Humboldt University of Berlin.  
South and South East Asia’s (1) growing economies can shift from their current carbon-intensive pathways to renewable energy to fuel economic growth, boost sustainable development and overcome energy poverty while avoiding life-threatening pollution and environmental degradation, according to a new report by the research institute Climate Analytics, released at the Bonn climate talks today.  
Amid growing public concern as climate impacts start to bite, governments must take bold action to address the rise in greenhouse gas emissions, but most of them are not, said the Climate Action Tracker at the Bonn climate talks on 19 June 2019, as it released its latest update of government action.  
National climate policies are still far from being in line with the Paris Agreement, which makes it necessary that governments need to step up their emission reduction efforts. Climate Analytics' experts are at the Global NDC Conference taking place 11-14 June in Berlin, participating in discussions about how we can increase the pace and scale of change to bring the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in line with the Paris Agreement.  
Climate Analytics today released its analysis of Australia’s main political parties’ climate change pollution reduction targets, which show the Government Coalition’s target is the furthest away from a pathway consistent with the Paris Agreement’s agreed 1.5˚C warming limit.  
A wealthy, educated and technologically advanced nation like Australia should be leading the world in transitioning to clean energy, not be stuck at the back of the pack. The transition of Australia’s electricity supply away from polluting fuels like coal has fallen well behind comparable countries and is not proceeding at the pace required to limit climate damage to relatively safe levels, new analysis by Climate Analytics has found.  
In its report, released today, the United Kingdom's climate change advisory body, the Committee on Climate Change, recommends the government set a target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050, including emissions from aviation and shipping. The recommended policies across all sectors to achieve this target include quadrupling low-carbon electricity supply by 2050, improving the efficiency of buildings and low-carbon heating, moving to electric vehicles by 2035 or earlier. Here's our reaction.  
A team of Climate Analytics researchers will be presenting some of their latest research at the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) 2019 in Vienna (Austria) on 7–12 April 2019. Climate Analytics produces some of the key research on the 1.5°C limit in the Paris Agreement, and a significant number of our publications fed into the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C, which was released in October 2018.  
The European Union has recently published its Strategic Vision “A clean planet for all” along with the In-Depth Analysis supporting it. In it, the European Commission claims that an 80% reduction of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 can be taken as being in line with the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature goal. In this paper, published by Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, we discuss how the Commission’s relabelling of the former “hold-below-2°C” pathways associated with the 2010 Cancun Agreements as the Paris Agreement temperature goal – “hold warming well-below 2°C, limit to 1.5°C ” is not correct. By design, the Paris long-term temperature goal is a strengthening of the former 2°C goal.  
With the Australian Conservation Foundation, Climate Analytics has been analysing Australia’s emissions profile and policies. We have created some graphic factsheets that illustrate where Australia is compared with other countries, and clearly show how far behind Australia is compared to other major economies in terms of emissions and policies.  
This briefing addresses grave scientific concerns in relation to proposed geoengineering techniques such as solar radiation management (SRM). “Geoengineering” as used here does not refer to negative emissions technologies that remove CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide removal or CDR) as part of the energy system or through ecosystem restoration and afforestation or reforestation. Here we specifically address the risks posed by SRM.  
The IPCC SR 1.5°C bolsters the case for pursuing the lower end of the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal, and makes clear that it is no longer sufficient to reduce emissions alone – CO2 will also need to be removed from the atmosphere, on a scale never previously attempted. But is the international community prepared for the implementation of Carbon Dioxide Removal options at this unprecedented scale? This report finds that while a number of reporting rules and accounting practices are already in place with direct applicability to the implementation of CDR options, many governance gaps remain. "Find more information here. (Governing Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Removal: Are We Ready? [886])":/publications/2018/governing-large-scale-carbon-dioxide-removal-are-we-ready/  
The first ever Pacific Marine Climate Change Report Card has been launched today as part of World Oceans Day, at events in Fiji and Samoa. The user-friendly report card details current and projected climate change impacts on the Pacific island marine environment, what action is already being taken and what further responses are needed.  
Japan’s current coal-fired power policies and plans would result in carbon pollution between now and 2050 almost three times what is consistent with the Paris Agreement, risking stranded assets and loss of competitiveness for Japanese investors, says a new report by Climate Analytics, in collaboration with the Renewable Energy Institute of Japan.  
The Climate Action Tracker has updated assessments of 23 of the 32 countries whose development on climate action it tracks. While some progress has been made since November, most governments’ policies are still not on track towards meeting their Paris Agreement commitments, many of which are in themselves far from sufficient to keep warming to the agreed 1.5˚C warming limit. The Climate Action Tracker's assessments point to an urgent need for governments to scale up both their policies and targets to bring them more in line with a pathway to limiting warming to 1.5˚C.  
Climate Analytics and the Climate Action Tracker inputs to the Talanoa Dialogue summarise the latest science around the 1.5°C limit, evaluate the gap between the current levels of climate action and emissions reductions needed under the Paris Agreement, and outline the necessary steps in key sectors to get us there.  
As people around the world switch off their lights for “Earth Hour” this weekend, a new analysis shows the world could make huge reductions in global warming by simply adopting the highest existing energy related standards for lighting and appliances. This can be achieved at net zero costs for consumers and with substantial co-benefits to health, according to the Climate Action Tracker.  
Amplifying Caribbean voices in the push for more urgent climate action ahead of the next climate summit, COP24 in Katowice, Poland, is at the heart of an initiative by Panos, a Caribbean environmental NGO, and Climate Analytics. The initiative, Caribbean Talanoa Dialogue, gathers inputs from the region’s concerned organisations – government agencies, civil society and faith-based organisations, trade unions, community groups, scientific institutions, private sector groupings – in answer to these questions: Where are we in our response to climate change? Where do we want (and need) to go? How do we get there? The deadline for inputs is March 31.  
A new Climate Analytics report released today shows that Western Australia’s gas resource emissions are four times higher than national energy carbon pollution budget under Paris Agreement. It also shows that rather than risk stranded assets by investing in gas, it would be much smarter for WA to take advantage of its vast renewable energy resources.  
Peaking global CO2 emissions as soon as possible is crucial for limiting the risks of sea level rise, even if global warming is limited to well below 2°C. A study now published in the journal Nature Communications analyses for the first time the sea level legacy until 2300 within the constraints of the Paris Agreement.  
A new analysis of agricultural emissions by the Climate Action Tracker shows that reducing emissions through changes in farming practices alone will not be enough to limit global warming to 1.5°C, but changing our diets and reducing food waste could make significant additional reductions, which calls for a much more holistic approach.  
Below is a list of our scientific briefings released during COP23 in Bonn  
COP23 briefing - There has been much talk of "Blue Carbon" in the Bonn climate negotiations. But what does it really mean? This briefing sets out the issues and finds that the use of blue carbon to offset and hence effectively avoid required emission reductions in other sectors would undermine our ability to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C.  
COP23 briefing - Limiting warming to 1.5°C is of paramount importance to protect the oceans. This briefing provides an overview of the latest science on key risks for ocean systems including from sea- level rise, ocean acidification and impacts on coral reefs and other marine and coastal ecosystems.  
COP23 briefing - Following the string of high-intensity tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin in 2017 and the devastating impacts on small island states, a number of questions have been raised about linkages between these cyclones and climate change. This briefing provides clarity on scientifically-supported connections between existing tropical cyclones and climate change.  
We can only limit sea level rise to around half a meter by 2100 if cumulative carbon emissions stay below 850 gigatonnes and coal is nearly phased out by 2050. If emissions continue unchecked, oceans could rise 55 per cent more than previously thought – by around 130cm in 2100, according to a paper published in Environmental Research Letters today.  
The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) has updated its government climate action rating system to better reflect the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C long term warming limit. The new categories help to highlight the adequacy and fairness of government climate commitments for the Paris Agreement.  
Marshall Islands climate ambassador Tony de Brum died aged 72 on Tuesday at his home in Majuro. Here's a statement from Climate Analytics CEO Bill Hare, who had the honour to work with him in the UN climate negotiation process.  
We have the pleasure to announce our 2016 Annual Report, where we look back at how our work reflected and fed into the global priorities following the adoption of the Paris Agreement.  
Which country is making more progress in decarbonising their road transport sector with low-carbon fuels? Which country has a higher share of renewable energy? How does this look for countries without a large share of hydropower? All of these questions, and many others, can now be answered through the Climate Action Tracker’s new interactive decarbonisation data portal, launched today.  
A video made by the World Economic Forum, showing what we need to do in the next decade to slow global warming. It is based on the recent Climate Action Tracker report, which outlines the ten most important short-term steps to limit warming to 1.5°C .  
Marrakech, 16 November - The Low Carbon Monitor, a new report launched by the United Nations Development Programme today, examines the benefits and opportunities of limiting warming to 1.5°C as enshrined in the goal of the Paris Agreement on climate change.  
Marrakech 14 November - a new Climate Analytics report released today on the implications of the Paris Agreement for coal fired electric generation shows that the Paris Agreement 1.5°C temperature limit requires a quick phase-out of coal used for electric power generation.  
The much anticipated climate change documentary "Before the Flood," produced by Leonardo DiCaprio, is now available for free viewing. Over 50 experts contributed additional background information, which you can explore on the website accompanying the film. Climate Analytics experts contributed sections on regional climate impacts.  
Climate Analytics researchers are in Keble College in Oxford 20-22 September for the conference entitled “1.5 degrees: Meeting the challenges of the Paris Agreement.” The two-day meeting of over 200 prominent climate science and policy researchers aims to identify the key areas the scientific community will need to concentrate on to fill the research gap on the nature, benefits and feasibility of a 1.5°C world.  
Zero-emission vehicles need to reach a dominant market share by around 2035 for the world to meet the Paris Agreement’s lower warming limit of 1.5°C—and even that could be too late to avoid the need for significant negative emissions, according to new analysis by the Climate Action Tracker. This transformation of the passenger transport sector would also have to be accompanied by a decarbonisation of the power sector to ensure the electric vehicles (EV) are truly emissions free.  
A new Climate Analytics report, released by The Climate Institute today, looks at the implications of the 1.5°C warming limit in the Paris Agreement for Australia, and, in the light of the severe environmental impacts it faces, emphasises the urgency of ramping up climate action.  
Climate Analytics experts on international law, climate impacts, climate finance and economics were invited to contribute to the Climate Vulnerable Forum’s events 11-15 August, bringing together key leaders of climate vulnerable countries in the Philippines.  
A new analysis of the scientific and policy aspects of the 1.5°C temperature limit in the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature goal has identified a number of important areas that require more scientific research.  
Finland and the European Union need to strengthen their climate pledges, rapidly cut emissions and speed up introducing renewables into the energy mix to be in line with the 1.5°C warming limit in the Paris Agreement, according to a new report.  
Join us for this event in New York on 21 April - on the eve of the Signing Ceremony of the Paris Agreement, our experts will present their analysis of the delicately balanced global climate deal and the next steps for its entry into force and implementation. They will also clarify the latest climate science, assess the emission reduction pledges to date and debate how the world can adopt pathways consistent with the agreement to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C.  
European researchers have found substantially different climate change impacts for a global warming of 1.5°C and 2°C by 2100. The additional 0.5°C would mean a 10-cm-higher global sea-level rise by 2100, longer heat waves, and would result in virtually all tropical coral reefs being at risk. The research is published today (21 April) in Earth System Dynamics, an open access journal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU), and is presented at the EGU General Assembly.  
A new paper in Nature Climate Change, co-authored by Dr. Michiel Schaeffer of Climate Analytics, assesses the differences between various carbon budget estimates from IPCC and other sources, and identifies the most appropriate carbon budget for holding warming below 2°C.  
Climate Analytics event focusing of some of the key issues for vulnerable countries following the adoption of the Paris Agreement, an exploration of what the 1.5°C temperature limit means for European climate policy and steps in the implementation of the agreement.  
Our side event at COP21 on 4 Dec 2015 focuses on data and values, science, politics and mechanisms relating to the ambition and impact of INDCs and the new climate agreement. The event is a collaboration with PBL and TERI.  
It is technologically and economically feasible to hold warming below 1.5 or 2°C, without compromising sustainable development or undermining food security - this briefing considers the scientific conditions and critical mitigation technologies.  
Even if Saudi Arabia quadrupled its emission reduction efforts, it would still be doing less than its fair share in holding global warming below 2°C, according to the latest analysis by the Climate Action Tracker.  
There are many effort-sharing approaches used to determine what constitutes a fair and equitable emission reduction for a given country. This leads to very different outcomes and a large range of emissions allowances for a country. This new report by Climate Analytics provides insight into the key differences between a wide range of effort sharing models and the most important assumptions that influence countries’ emissions allowances under different equity regimes.  
Heads of State and Government met at the 2015 G20 Summit, (Turkey, 15-16 November) to discuss, among other issues, development, energy and climate change finance. None of the G20 INDCs are in line with holding warming below 2°C, or 1.5°C. Taken together, the CAT finds that a very large emissions gap remains.  
Over the year 2015, more than 150 countries have submitted their offers for future greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, INDCs). A number of modelling groups have analysed the potential impact of these offers on GHG emissions projections. This briefing compares the Climate Action Tracker’s results and approach to the most prominent assessments, the UNFCCC INDC synthesis report (UNFCCC, 2015), and the UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2015  
The Climate Action Tracker estimates that emission reduction targets, or Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) for 2025 and 2030, submitted to the UN ahead of the October 1 deadline, would bring warming down to 2.7˚C, if fully implemented. This is an improvement of 0.4˚C on the last assessment of pledges at the Lima talks in December 2014 and the first time since the CAT has started tracking pledges, that projected warming is below 3°C.  
In the lead up to the UN climate week and AOSIS ministerial meeting in New York, Saint Lucia and the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) hosted a meeting for CARICOM negotiators, followed by a ministerial segment, attended by 8 ministers. The meeting was supported by our High Level Support Mechanism project.  
Climate Action Tracker (CAT) has assessed 15 of the 29 INDCs submitted to the UNFCCC so far, accounting for almost 65% of global emissions, and has identified a large emission gap. The climate targets collectively lead to global emissions far beyond levels required to hold warming to below 2°C. CAT has also found that current climate policies are insufficient to limit emissions even to be in line with the already inadequate INDCs.  
Climate Action Tracker assesses Australia's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), submitted to the UNFCCC on 11 August 2015, and finds its climate plan 'inadequate.' Climate Analytics CEO Bill Hare says that "contrary to government assertions, the abatement task has increased considerably over the years, reflecting the negative consequences of the Australian government’s repeal and amendments of key climate policies.”  
Climate Analytics' Dr. Marcia Rocha will present the Climate Action Tracker's novel approach to analysing equity in the context of INDCs at Our Common Future Conference under Climate Change in Paris, July 7-10  
Climate Analytics' close collaborator Leon Charles reflects on whether the Reasons for Concern Framework reflects the climate change risks for Small Island Developing States at Our Common Future conference in Paris. The Framework has been used by the IPCC to communicate its results to policy makers in a policy informative, but not policy prescriptive manner.  
Climate Analytics' Dr. Michiel Schaeffer and Dr. Joeri Rogelj (IIASA) contribute to Theme Day 1: State of Knowledge on Climate Change at Our Common Future conference July 7-10 in Paris. Their presentation provides key insights that link the theoretical concept of carbon budgets to a real world context.  
China’s new climate plans announced this week for the Paris Climate Agreement are conflicted, the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) said today. China’s non-fossil primary energy target, actions to reduce coal use, and wide range of other actions are set to make a major step toward a below 2degC pathway. However, one element – the proposed carbon intensity target - is much weaker than all the other elements put together and would be consistent with a warming of 3-4°C.  
South Korea’s climate plans, announced this week, will see the country double emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, and have been rated “inadequate” by the Climate Action Tracker (CAT).  
On 11 June 2015 South Korea announced four options for its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), ranging from 14.7% to 31.3% below business-as-usual (BAU) by 2030. This is equivalent to 98–146% above 1990 emissions levels excluding land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). The Climate Action Tracker, has labelled all four of the South Korean Government’s options for climate action as “inadequate.”  
On 5 June 2015, Morocco submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), with a target to reduce GHG emissions including land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) by 13% below business as usual (BAU) by 2030. Based on these targets, the Climate Action Tracker rates Morocco “Sufficient”.  
With the signature by the Government of Japan to its contribution agreement with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) now almost 60 per cent of the pledges made to the Fund at its first pledging conference in November 2014 are secured through legally binding contribution agreements. Crossing the threshold of 50 per cent of the pledges covered by these agreements gives the GCF Board the authority to start allocating funding to concrete project and programme proposals. This is a major milestone in the evolution of the Fund and successfully completes a four-year design phase that has shaped the operational policies and procedures of the GCF.  
The UNFCCC’s “Structured Expert Dialogue” (SED) last week published its technical summary, which states that using the globally-agreed warming limit of 2˚C as a “guardrail” is not safe, and that Governments should aim for 1.5˚C instead. Berlin-based research organisation Climate Analytics today released a briefing on the main points covered by the SED.  
Climate Analytics released a briefing paper today which analyses the available information in the 2014 UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2014 (‘EGR’) and the IPCC AR5 to produce recommended benchmark emission levels for 2020, 2025 and 2030. In it, we evaluate the implications of the data in the 2014 UNEP EGR and the IPCC AR5 for benchmark emission levels that can be used to assess whether the aggregate level of pledges put forward for 2025 and 2030 - in the context of the ADP negotiations - are consistent with limiting warming below 2°C, and with limiting warming below a 1.5°C increase above preindustrial. We also review the outcome of the 2014 UNEP EGR in relation to the emissions gap for 2020, 2025, and 2030. Results are put in the context of the 2013 Report UNEP EGR and of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and differences explained.  
While the GCF is getting ready to disburse resources, it still awaits authorisation to start committing its resources to specific projects: According to the Fund’s contribution policies, this commitment authority is triggered when contributors realise their pledges through signing official legally binding contribution agreements for 50 per cent (USD 4.7 billion) of the total pledges made to the GCF.  
From April 22nd to Friday 24th, Climate Analytics organised a workshop on the relation between climate change and economic growth in Africa. It was held in partnership with the African Development Bank (AfDB), the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The workshop took place at AfDB’s headquarter in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire).  
12.000 Geoscientists from all over Europe met in Vienna 12 -17 April for the Annual General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). Climate change and the challenges of the international negotiating process were of high priority. Climate Analytics scientists presented a number of climate change science sessions at the conference.  
The Russian Federation submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) on 31 March 2015, proposing to reduce its emissions of net greenhouse gases (GHG) by 25% to 30% below the 1990 level by 2030. After accounting for forestry this is a reduction of only 6% to 11% below 1990 levels of industrial GHG emissions, and an increase of 30% to 38% compared to 2012 levels. Based on this target the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) rates Russia “inadequate”.  
The Gambia has embarked on developing its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) for submission to the UNFCCC in advance of the anticipated Paris agreement this year. A team from Climate Analytics look at some initial lessons from the process so far.  
Switzerland is the first country to formally submit an INDC to the UNFCCC. It aims at halving greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, with at least a 30% reduction by 2030 domestically. The remainder of the emission reductions would come from “emissions reduction measures abroad”.  
New World Bank report, produced by Climate Analytics and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), assesses climate risks in Latin American and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa and Europe and Central Asia  
Current status of Green Climate Fund pledges ahead of this week’s Pledging Conference in Berlin  
After assessing US and China's recent emission reduction pledges, the Climate Action Tracker finds that improvements needed in 2015.  
If the US and China were to adopt global best practice in their domestic action on climate, together, the world’s largest emitters could close the 2020 emissions gap by 23%, according to new research. In their latest Climate Action Tracker update, research organisations Climate Analytics, Ecofys and the PIK Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research have compared the actions of both China and the US on climate change.  
In a Comment article in Nature, David G. Victor and Charles Kennel call to ‘Ditch the 2°C warming goal’ adopted by the international community. Climate Analytics examines – and refutes – their article in detail.  
A rapid phase out of coal as an electricity source by 2050 would reduce warming by half a degree, according to the Climate Action Tracker, in an update released today ahead of the Ban ki-Moon climate summit. The Climate Action Tracker, put together by research organisations Climate Analytics, Ecofys, and the Pik Potsdam Institute, has calculated that under current Government policies, the world is on track to warm by 3.7degC by 2100  
Climate Analytics’ Florent Baarsch participated in the workshop organised by MCII (Munich Climate Insurance Initiative) and GIZ on "Innovative Insurance Solutions for Climate Change in a Comprehensive Risk Management Approach – Developing a Toolkit”, May 12-13, 2014.  
The four week course brings leading and renowned scientists to provide a synthesis of the most recent scientific evidence and provides an analysis of likely impacts and risks with a focus on developing countries.  
Climate Analytics and New York University School of Law has analysed the reports from all governments who have delivered Fast Start Finance funding since Copenhagen in 2009.  
Weak government action on climate change will lead to a projected 3.7°C of warming by 2100, around 0.6°C higher than the original promises they made in Copenhagen, the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) said today.  
Regular food shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa….shifting rain patterns in South Asia leaving some parts under water and others without enough water for power generation, irrigation, or drinking….degradation and loss of reefs in South East Asia resulting in reduced fish stocks and coastal communities and cities more vulnerable to increasingly violent storms….these are but a few of the likely impacts of a possible global temperature rise of 2 degrees Celsius in the next few decades that threatens to trap millions of people in poverty, according to a new scientific report released today by the World Bank Group.  
While developed countries reported that they over-delivered on their promise to give USD 30 billion between 2010-12 to developing countries for adaptation to - and taking action on - climate change, a number of challenges remain to scale up to an efficient climate finance system by 2020, to serve the new agreement, says our analysis on Fast Start Finance, released at the climate talks in Bonn.  
Limiting global warming below 2degC – or even to below 1.5DegC remains technically and economically feasible, but only with political ambition backed by rapid action starting now, the Climate Action Tracker said today.  
The Fast Start Finance (FSF) period is drawing to a close and negotiations on the long-term framework for climate finance have gathered momentum. Climate Analytics gGmbH, the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy GmbH, and Germanwatch e.V. have carried out a study analysing the German FSF experiences to date. Based on these findings, the authors draw up recommendations for the further shaping of long-term financing for mitigation and adaptation.  
The latest update of the Climate Action Tracker, released recently at the UN climate talks in Bangkok, shows that current mitigation pledges by governments are placing the planet on a path towards an temperature increase of 3°C or more above pre-industrial levels by 2100 -- although it is technically feasible to limit the increase to 2°C or less. The CAT analysis underlines that this is due to a lack of ambition and political will on the part of governments, rather than inadequate participation in the negotiations.  
A report recently prepared by Ecofys and Climate Analytics on commission by the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation, entitled ‘Closing the 2020 emissions gap: Issues, options and strategies’, considers how greenhouse-gas emissions can be cut to limit global warming. The emissions gap refers to the discrepancy between 2020 levels of emissions which would be consistent with the goal to hold warming below 2°C or to 1.5°C , and the levels of emissions expected for 2020 based on current emission-reduction pledges by all individual countries – which are set to be much higher in total.  
An additional session of the international climate change negotiations are due to begin next week in Bangkok, Thailand, and will run from 30 August to 5 September. -  
Climate Analytics and the World Resources Institute (WRI) convened an informal meeting of negotiators involved in the design of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in New York City. The purpose was to provide an opportunity for prospective Board members, alternates, advisers, and other delegations involved in negotiations around the GCF, to exchange views on the next steps in the Fund’s design and operationalization.  
As the climate talks in Durban concluded tonight with a groundbreaking establishment of the Durban Platform to negotiate a new global agreement by 2015, scientists stated that the world continues on a pathway of over 3°C warming with likely extremely severe impacts, the Climate Action Tracker said today. - See more at: http://www.climateanalytics.org/news?items_per_page=All#sthash.2iYnP4Vz.dpuf  
Les niveaux absolus d’émissions, calculés à partir des engagements individuels d’ici 2020 dans le cadre de l’Accord de Copenhague, sont comparés aux fourchettes nécessaires pour rester sur la trajectoire des 2°C définies par le GIEC et la littérature revue par les pairs.  
The absolute emission levels resulting from the current country pledges are compared to 2020 emission ranges which are in line with a "2°C pathway" and show that both Annex I and non-Annex I fall short of what the IPCC and the peer-reviewed literature are indicating.  
Research results to be launched today at the UNFCCC meeting in Bonn by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Ecofys and Climate Analytics will show that current pledges by countries around the world to cut greenhouse gas emissions are not sufficient to keep global temperature rises below the 2°C agreed in the Copenhagen Accord.  
Today, 22nd April, Nature published an opinion piece on the Copenhagen Accord Pledges. The analysis is a collaboration of researchers at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Ecofys and Climate Analytics.  
The Presentation 'Low mitigation scenarios since the AR4 - Global emission pathways and climate consequences', was held by the CLIMATE ANALYTICS Project Coordinator Bill Hare at the Technical Briefing of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), 30 March 2009, at the Bonn Climate Change Talks.  
A letter to the US Senate and Congress from leading US scientists and Climate Analytics Project Coordinator Bill Hare.  
Increases in the amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere accelerated last year, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) told Reuters on Wednesday.  
Traditionally economic models have shown that the costs of climate mitigation increase exponentially as the target for atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is lowered. But by altering the focus to the probability of staying below a temperature rise target, a team from the Netherlands and Germany has shown that mitigation costs tend to increase in proportion to the amount of benefit.  
Tough targets for avoiding dangerous global warming may be easier to achieve than widely believed, according to a study that could ease fears of a prohibitive long-term surge in costs.  
Despite the global economic downturn, spending money now to keep climate change in check makes sense as it will save us money in the long run. A new analysis has found that boosting spending is worth it because the chances of preventing catastrophic warming increases linearly with the amount invested.  
Economic slowdown will give a respite from surging greenhouse gas emissions but the world will struggle to shift in the long-term to new, greener lifestyles, delegates said at U.N. climate talks on Thursday.